So, what is the philosophical foundation of life? Of how to live and how to be happy? From my point of view, this is relative to each person’s personality and ethical principles, but a good starting point for me would always be:
Friedrich Nietzsche was a German philosopher known for his critique of traditional morality and religion. His philosophy emphasizes the importance of individual freedom, self-overcoming, and creating one’s own values to live a meaningful life.
Immanuel Kant was a German philosopher who focused on ethics and human reason. He proposed that moral actions are guided by duty and universal principles, emphasizing that we should act according to what could be a universal law.
Baruch Spinoza was a Dutch philosopher who believed in a rational understanding of the universe. He taught that happiness comes from understanding the natural order, controlling our desires, and aligning our lives with reason.
Marcus Aurelius was a Roman emperor and Stoic philosopher. His philosophy centers on self-discipline, rationality, and accepting life’s events with calm, focusing on what is within one’s control.
Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel was a German philosopher known for his ideas on history, society, and consciousness. He believed that human freedom develops through the dialectical process, where conflict and resolution drive progress in thought and society.